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The Indian Sanskrit name for this raga is Kalyan and the
Persian is Yuman. In the Ragmala, Kalian is the son of Dipak while today it is the head
of the Kalian thata. It is performed during the first part of the night and is
considered a blessing bringing all good into one's life. Guru Ram Das and Guru Arjan
composed 23 hymns to this raga. The texts exalt the far-reaching and all-pervading power
of the Lord. In the Holy Book the only raga variant given is Bhopali (Bhupali).
Aroh : Ni Re Ga, tif'a Pa, Dha, Ni Sa .
Avroh : Sa Ni Dha, Pa, M'a Ga, Re Sa
Pakar : Ni Re Ga, Re Sa, Pa M'a Ga, Re Sa
Vadi : Ga
Samvadi : Ni
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Introduction
It is a very famous raga. Its form is very beautiful and melodious. It is a raga of Kalyan
thata.
There are 14 variations of this raga:
- Shudh Kalyan
- Eaemen Kalyan
- Bhopal Kalyan
- Puria Kalyan
- Hamir Kalyan
- Khem Kalyan
- Sanvri Kalyan
- Sayam Kalyan
- Kamodhi Kalyan
- Nut Kalyan
- Home Kalyan
- Jaet Kalyan
- Nayki Kalyan
- Binod Kalyan
This raga is mentioned as a son of of raga Deepak in the Ragamala listed at the end of Guru
Granth
Sahib.
The scale and notes of the raga are as follows:
Arohi (ascending scale) - sa, ni re ga ma pa, dha ni sa
Avrohi (descending scale) - sa ni dha pa, ma ga re sa
The vadi (most popular) note is 'ga' and samvadi (second most popular) note is 'pa'.
This raga is sung in the fourth part of the day i.e., 3 p.m. 6 p.m. The season of its recitation
is
rainy (varsha) i.e., during July-August. In Guru Granth Sahib it has hymns from pages 1319 - 1326
(8
pages).
The Composers:
The composers of bani (hymns) in this raga are:
Gurus
Bhagats:
There is no Bhagat Bani in this raga
The structure:
The sequence of the structure of compositions in this raga are:
Gurubani:
- Shabads (2 - 4padas)
- Ashtpadis
Bhagatbani:
none
Matrix
VISUAL ANALYSIS
Count of the use of Managals:
- Complete Mool Mantar = 1 at page 1319
- Ik-ongkar Satgur Prasadh = 4
Placement and count of rahau verses:
In all shabads and ashtpadis the numbered rahau verse are placed in the beginning of the
compositions.
Diversification of headings & subheadings in this raga:
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Page number
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Heading/Subheading
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1319
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Raga Kalyan Mehla 4
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1321
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Kalyan Bhopali Mehla 4
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1321
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Raga Kalyan Mehla 5 Ghar 1
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Composers Structure of Bani
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Padas
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Specialist
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Ashtpadis
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Specialist
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Chts
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Sohle**
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Var
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Sloaks*
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Gurus
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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Titled
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8 (padas)
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Ramdas
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1
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6
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6*
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Arjan Dev
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9
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1
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Bhagats
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Title chhaka has been used for Ashtpadi counts for the first time.
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Excerpts taken from:
Guru Granth Sahib: An Advance Study
Dr Sukhbir Singh Kapoor
Vice Chancellor World Sikh University, London
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